Ivoclar-vivadent IPS e.max Ceram User Manual download pdf (Page 6)

Firing behaviour and firing process

Shade stability

IPS e.max Ceram is a low-fusing nano-ﬂuorapatite glass-ceramic. The new material generation contains nano-ﬂuorapatite

crystals and demonstrates a crystal structure similar to that of vital teeth. Depending on the type of layering material, this

permits a unique and adjustable combination of translucency, brightness and opalescence which is characterized by a high

stability of shape and shade, even after several ﬁring procedures. The following images of ﬁred tabs show the shade

stability of IPS e.max Ceram Dentin A3 after several ﬁring procedures. Even after ten ﬁrings, no obvious shade difference

to the original tab is visible. After three ﬁrings, the shade of the tab already corresponds with that of the ﬁred restoration

(2 Dentin/Incisal ﬁrings and 1 Glaze ﬁring).

The high shade stability is particularly important for the Opal materials (Opal Effect 1), which are predominantly used in

the incisal area, in order not to obtain a lifeless, greyish incisal third, even after several ﬁring procedures. The following

images show an Opal Effect 1 tab after 10 ﬁrings. There are no visible differences as regards the opalescence and

brightness.

Burn-out behaviour

Given the low transformation point of low-fusing ceramic materials, the burn-out of the organic components in the build-

up liquids occurs in a shorter time frame than that of high- and medium-fusing ceramics. If build-up liquids other than the

IPS e.max Ceram Liquids are used, therefore, there is a risk of incomplete burn-out and thus discolouration of the restora-

tion (e.g. cloudiness, greying). The following images show ﬁred IPS e.max Ceram clear tabs for which different build-up

liquids were used. With certain liquids, the discolouration is clearly visible. Therefore, Ivoclar Vivadent recommends using

only the liquids contained in the IPS e.max Ceram Kits. If silver dust is used to design the surface, make sure that it is

completely removed during cleaning. If this is not done, discolouration (e.g. yellowish) may occur after glaze ﬁring.

Transmitted lightIncident light

1x 3x 5x 7x 10x 1x 3x 5x 7x 10x

IPS e.max Ceram

Build-Up Liquid

allround or soft

Competitive Liquid A

Grey residue

Competitive Liquid B

Grey residue

Competitive Liquid C

Cloudiness

Competitive Liquid D

Cloudiness

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Ivoclar-vivadent IPS e.max Ceram User Manual Page 6